JUST – ONLY

Just when it means only.

How are you today? Good, I’m back to mine almost sure you’ll be pleased to know. I’m full of beans again and a bit hyperactive.

Today we’re gonna look at, another meaning of the word “just”, just means a lot of things in English. It’s probably one of their most used words in the English language. It’s overused in fact, okay?

Today we’re gonna look at “just” when it means “only” okay? It’s totally synonymous with the word “only” okay? The only problem is its position in the sentence depends on what type of verb it accompanies, okay? If it is a normal-behaving verb, by which I mean a non-auxiliary verb, it goes before the verb, okay; I just have five minutes. Let’s focus on this type of verb then, okay? So that “just” it’s always gone a go, before the verb.

Be careful with the pronunciation of “just” okay? We don’t say “just” it’s <cháast>.

 

He just has one child. Él sólo tiene un niño.

I just know one person who likes heavy metal music. Sólo conozco una persona a quien le gusta la música heavy.

 

I just want you to tell me what the problem is. Sólo quiero que me diagas cuál es el problema

 

“JUST” con VERBOS AUXILIARES; in this case “just” goes AFTER THE AUXILIARY VERB, okay? For example:

There were just three of us there. Sólo éramos tres allí.

There will be five of us. Seremos cinco

There were five of them. Eran cinco

Let’s carry on:

There are just five left. Sólo quedan cinco.

I’ve just been to Denmark once. Sólo he ido a Dinamarca una vez.

I’ve just been to Denmark: Sería; acabo de ir Dinamarca. Sin embargo; I’ve just been to Denmark once. Es obvio por el contexto; que sólo he ido una vez a Dinamarca. 

I’ll just be a second. Sólo tardaré un segundo.

It’s just a game. Sólo es un juego.

En todos esos casos podríamos haber sustituido  “just” por “only”. La posición sintáctica de las dos palabras es la misma.

 

When JUST means SIMPLY

BEFORE NON-AUXILIARY VERBS AND DENIALS INCLUDING "DON’T"

AFTER AUXILIARY VERBS, EXCEPT “DO

All right? All right. Okey dokey. Today we’re going to look at another meaning of the word “just”. “Just” it’s one of these words has pounds of different meanings. Today we’re gonna look at when “just” means “simply”. First of all we’ll start with some non-auxiliary verbs.

 

I don’t know how I won. I just ran as always do. No sé cómo gané. Simplemente corrí como siempre lo hago.

 

Just drive along this road and you’ll end up at the cemetery. Simplemente siga esta carretera y acabará en el cementerio.

 

I wasn’t angry; I just left because I was tired. No estaba enfadado; simplemente me fui porque estaba cansado.

 

We’re gonna look at an exception now, okay? When “just” means “simply” and we want to use it in conjunction with a verb in the negative, okay? We place it “just” before the auxiliary verb; don’t, doesn’t or didn’t, okay? It’s an exception.

Comparamos:

I just don’t like; simplemente no me gusta

I don’t just like…; no sólo me gusta…

    

I just don’t understand why she likes him. Simplemente no entiendo por qué le gusta él.

 

Now, with all the other auxiliary verbs, when “just” means “simply” it goes after the auxiliary verbs exactly the same as when “just” means “only”, except “Do”.

 

Just do it. Simplemente hazlo.

    

I’ve just come to say hello. Simplemente he venido a saludaros.

Don’t worry; it’s just a storm. No te preocupes; no es más que una tormenta.

It’s just a hobby. Simplemente es un pasatiempo.

It was just not good enough. Simplemente no era lo suficientemente bueno.

I’m just not ready to commit myself yet. Simplemente no estoy preparado para comprometerme todavía.

 

 

TO REGRET+TO (lamentarse) vs. TO REGRET+VERB(ING) (arrepentirse).

Today we’re gonna look at the difference between when we use the verb “to regret” followed by an infinitive and we want use it followed by a gerund, okay? The meaning changes slightly; arrepentirse o lamentar, for example: I regret coming this morning. Now when regret is followed by the infinitive with “To” the meaning changes like when we say; lamento decirte que...I regret to tell you. Se suele utilizar casi exclusivamente con el verbo “To tell” o “To inform”. Let’s go some examples:

 

We can say; I really regret having told her about my idea. But it’s really not very common to do that. It’s much more common simply to say; I regret doing something (empleando el gerundio presente). I really regret doing something.

 

I really regret telling her about my idea. Me arrepiento mucho de haberte contado mi idea

He regretted having a nose job. Él se arrepintió de haberse hecho la operación de nariz.

 

Es más correcto decir; to have plastic surgery on your nose.

Todo el mundo dice; to have a nose job. Esta expresión solo se emplea para referirse a la cirugía nasal.

 

I don’t regret going to University. No me arrepiento de haber ido a la Universidad.

Jake regrets not going to University. Jake se arrepiente de no haber ido a la Universidad.

Precedemos al gerundio con la palabra “not” cuando nos arrepentimos no haber hecho algo “not going”.

Aunque técnicamente podemos emplear el “past perfect continuous”; Jake regrets not having gone to University, casi nunca se hace ya que preferimos simplificar empleando el gerundio normal.

 

I don’t regret selling my shares. No me arrepiento de haber vendido mis acciones.

But I do regret not selling them last year. Pero sí me arrepiento no haberlas vendido el año pasado.

Recuerda que con los verbos regulares traducimos el “sí” enfático con el uso del verbo auxiliar “do”.

 

I regret to tell you that there are only five more weeks left of this English course. Lamento decirle que sólo quedan cinco semanas de este curso de inglés.

 

LATER ON (más adelante o luego)

Later on means; más adelante en el tiempo o más tarde. It’s an expression which we use a lot, but sure which very few Spaniards use. In fact I know many Spanish sure would probably say “but after” when we would say “later on”. It’s not right natural for us to say “after” without anything else; after school, after play, after the meeting, but “later on” she changes her mind.

Later on, we went for an Indian.

When we’re talking about visiting a place, it’s much, much, more common to say: to go around; to go around the castle, to look or to look around, to look around the castle, to look around the museum, to look around the Forum, okay? We usually use “visit” when we’re talking about visiting people, okay?

 

Why don’t we go to the Coliseum first of all, and then later on, we can look round the Forum? Por qué no vamos al Coliseo primero del todo, y luego más adelante, visitamos el Foro?

 

We can do it later on if you like, will you? Podemos hacerlo más tarde si quieres. ¿Quieres?

He studied at Harvard University where he read politics. Later on he became Governor of the State of Iowa.

Para decir “hacer la carrera de algo” podemos simplemente emplear el verbo “to read”.

 

Shall we do it now or a bit later on? ¿Lo hacemos ahora o un poco más tarde?

I’d rather do it later on if you don’t mind. Yo preferiría hacerlo más adelante si no te importa.

 

HAD

Today we’re going to look at, the past of the verb “To have”.

Had: La “h” se produce exhalando sin hacer ruido con la garganta. La “d” inglesa se produce con la lengua tocando el paladar.

 

I had a lovely meal with my wife last night. Tuve una cena buenísima con mi mujer anoche.

Olive had a terrible headache yesterday. Olive tuvo un terrible dolor de cabeza anoche.

Henry VIII had six wives. Henry VIII tuvo seis mujeres.

I had lots of work last week. Tuve mucho trabajo la semana pasada.

I love my brother

We had breakfast with Tiffany’s parents. Desayunamos con los padres de Tiffany.

We say; to have breakfast, to have lunch and to have dinner

Ben and Tessa had an argument last night. Ben y Tessa tuvieron una discusión anoche.

 

ADVERBIOS CON ENOUGH

We’re gonna look at adverbs of comment today. When we beginning a sentence with an adverb of comment such as; strangely or surprisingly, okay? And we beginning a sentence with one of these adverbs, it’s actually much more natural to say; strangely enough, finally enough, fortunately enough, but if you able to incorporate this into your English, your active English it would sound that much more natural, alright then:

 

Interestingly enough, he said he had made the discovery by accident. Curiosamente, él dijo que había hecho el descubrimiento por accidente.

This use of “enough” after the adverb of comment is emphatic, so our intention shall also be a little bit exaggerated; interestingly enough, he said he had made the discovery by accident

 

Surprisingly enough, nobody had ever heard of him. Sorprendentemente, nadie había oído hablar de él.

 

Curiously enough, it didn’t snow once when we were in the Alps. Curiosamente no nevó ni una sola vez cuando estábamos en los Alpes.

 

Predictably enough, they lost against Real Madrid. Como era de esperar perdieron contra el Real Madrid

.

Strangely enough, my boss said exactly the same thing. Curiosamente, mi jefe dijo exactamente lo mismo.

 

Sadly enough, it’s true. Por triste que sea, es verdad

Fortunately enough, we didn’t miss the boat. Afortunadamente, no perdimos el tren (en sentido metafórico los ingleses dicen “the boat”).

 

Oddly enough, I didn’t get it when I was in Italy. Sorprendentemente no lo compré cuando estuve en Italia.

Oddly; es sinónimo de “strange”, aparte de significar “impar”

 

THERE WERE THREE OF US

Sólo para la 1ªp.p. y 3ªp.p.; somos, éramos, seremos; son, eran, serán.

We’re gonna look at an example of way English differs from Spanish. This is a particularly useful expression when you’re for example booking a table on the restaurant, we would say; there will be three of us.

How many of you are there? Cúantos sois? 

There are three of us. Somos 3.

There were only two of us. Sólo éramos 2.

There are gonna be at least twenty of us at the meeting. Vamos a ser al menos 20 en la reunión.

 

There are going to be at least twenty of us at the meeting.

 

I think there’ll be seven of us. Creo que seremos 7.

There were six of us there when it happened. Estábamos 6 allí cuando ocurrió.

Now, let’s look at the third person plural.

There were six of them. Eran 6.

There’ll be at least a hundred of them. Serán al menos 100.

How many of them were there? Cuántos eran?

I don’t know how many of them there’ll be. No sé cuantos serán.

How many of them are there? Cuántos son?

 

SAW

El verbo “to see”, igual que “to call” normalmente no lleva preposición “to”.

We saw three films last week. Vimos tres películas la semana pasada.

Kate saw me with her boyfriend. Kate me vio con su novio.

Drunk; borracho.

Hilda saw the Queen when she was a child. Hilda vio a la reina cuando era niña.

I think they saw us. Creo que nos vieron.

Sean saw the saw. Sean vio la sierra.

I saw my parents twice yesterday. Vi a mis padres dos veces ayer.

Mary saw leave

Mary saw them leave. Mary les vio salir.

Mary saw me leave.

Mary saw you leave.

No solemos emplear “Later” cuando estamos relatando una serie de eventos:

First I saw them at the bank. Then, I saw them at the casino.

 

HOW + ADJECTIVE. (Qué + Adjetivo).

When you in Spanish say “Qué plus an adjective”; how exciting, how boring, how sad, how awful, okay? It’s very easy but, it is important practice so the way whenever you say in a real context that comes out naturally, okay? Alright then; so listen imagine a scenario of course, when you say; “¡Qué interesante!”. When you say that, you usually reacting to what somebody else has said. So let’s have a look at some scenarios now; for example and imagine:

Personage: Okay? He says.  

He didn’t even say “hello”! Él ni siquiera dijo “hola”

How rude! ¡Qué maleducado!

Another example:

This violin was made in 1704. Se construyó este violín en 1704.

How interesting! ¡Qué interesante!

Another scenario:

Margaret is going to give the opening speech. Margaret va a dar el discurso inaugural.

How boring! ¡Qué aburrimiento!

I saw a magpie kill a robin in mid-flight. Vi a una urraca matar un petirrojo en pleno vuelo.

How awful! ¡Qué horror!

We’re going to fly a glider on Saturday. Vamos a pilotar un planeador el sábado.

How exciting! ¡Qué emocionante!

I’ve had the same dream four times this week. He tenido el mismo sueño cuatro veces esta semana.

How strange! ¡Qué raro!

There’s another context when you say: (Qué) plus an adjective and you carry on with the sentence. In this case is much more natural to use; so plus adjective, okay? And we put it at the end of the sentence, for example:

Pablo’s speech was so boring! ¡Qué aburrido fue el discurso de Pablo!

Last night’s match was so boring! ¡Qué aburrido fue el partido de anoche!

This situation is so absurd! ¡Qué absurda es esta situación!

English is so difficult! ¡Qué difícil es el inglés!

 

EACH and EVERY + Substantive

Each and Every are two words that Spaniards, French people and Italian get mixed up with.

They confuse them, okay? And basically there are circumstances when “each” and “every” are interchangeable when they’re behaving as an adjective, okay. The only thing is with tend to use “every” much, much more often, okay? Let us look at the differences basically “every” means “cada” and “each” means “cada uno de”, so we have a look at some examples:    

 

Each child was holding a candle. Cada uno de los niños tenía una vela en la mano.

Every child was holding a candle. Cada niño tenía una vela en la mano.

Each apple costs ten cents to produce. Cuesta producir cada una de las manzanas diez centimos.

 

Every apple costs ten cents to produce. Cuesta producir cada una de las manzanas diez centimos.

 

Each person who turns up must bring a valid passport with them. Cada una de las personas que se presenta debe traer consigo un pasaporte en vigor.

 

Every person who turns up must bring a valid passport with them. Cada persona que se presenta debe traer consigo un pasaporte en vigor.

 

EACH (Cada uno de)

“Each” como pronombre, no es posible sustituirlo por “Every”.

Do you remember last week? We looked at “each” and “every”, okay? as adjectives. What does each means?  “Cada uno de” and “Every” “cada”.

Today we’re gonna carry on looking at “each”, but this time behaving as a pronoun, first of all we look at “each” at the end of the sentences, for example: “Nos dieron 10£ cada uno” would be; They give us ten ponds each. Okay, let’s have a look then:

 

We received one hundred euros each. Recibimos cien euros cada uno.

They ate three each. Comieron tres cada uno.

We divided up the biscuits and ended up which six each.

They spoke for twenty minutes each. Hablaron durante veinte minutos cada uno.

Okay, now let’s have a look at “each” when it comes after a personal pronoun, it always comes before normal behaving verbs; non-auxiliary verb, okay? They each did, they each had. Okay, let’s have a look: Hablaron cada uno durante media hora; and this is an example with already express before with “each” at the end: They spoke for half an hour each or we can also say; they each spoke for half an hour.

  

We each made five hundred euros on the deal. Ganamos cada uno 500€ en la transacción.

We made five hundred euros each on the deal.

 

Podemos cada uno hacer cosas diferentes si quieres. We can each do different things if you like. Okay, in this case “each” comes after the verb, because the verb in question “can” is an auxiliary verb.

We can each do different things if you like.

 

They each made a fool of themselves. Hicieron cada uno el ridículo.

In all of those examples we can substitute “each” for “both” if we’re talking about two peoples or “all” if we’re talking about three or more.

 

Now let’s look at another way of expression “cada uno” in this case “cada uno de ellos, cada uno de nostros”, okay? Which is very simple; each of them or each of us, each of you. En este caso el verbo tiene que expresarse en la 3ª.p.s.: Each of them did, each of them likes, each of them knows, so:

 

Each of them (all of them/both of them) has a lot of talent. Cada uno de ellos tiene mucho talento.

 

Each of us (all of us/ both of us) knows what the problem is. Cada uno de nosotros sabe cual es el problema.

 

Each of you (all of you/both of you) had something to do with it. Cada uno de vosotros tuvo algo que ver con ello.

 

And again, is probably more common, to substitute “each” for “both” if we’re talking about two people and “all” if we’re talking about three or more; Both of you has something to do with this; All of you has something to do with this. To “each” in fact not use that often in this context.

.   

VERBORREA

What an exciting title! isn't it? How are you today? You okay?

Today we’re gonna start by looking at all these silly little words that people say when speaking and don’t say really anything. 

 

You know? ¿sabes?/ sort of…un poco así… / kind of…como que… / like…como así… / Well.../ Do you know I mean? Bien...¿Sabes cómo te digo? / I mean...just...right…Tan sólo...quiero  decir...que... bien... / right…y bueno… / basically…

They don’t add anything, for example; I’m gonna give you some sentences now, full of this silly little words, okay? And I want you to tray and tell me what the essence is or what I’m trying to say, for example:    

 

I went like you know…to the cinema and I saw this film right… It was kind of… alright but a bit kind of…boring like…do you know what I mean…? Fui como sabes…al cine y vi esta peli y bueno... Estuvo como que…bien pero un poco como que…aburrida.

 

I went to the cinema and I saw this film. It was alright but a bit boring. Fui al cine y vi esta película. Estuvo bien aunque un poco aburrida.

 

I’m sort of…feeling better, like…but you know I kind of well you know basically don’t feel up to going out yet.

Estoy un poco así…mejor, cómo así…pero sabes…como que bien...sabes...básicamente... sin ánimo de salir todavía.

 

TO FEEL UP TO DOING SOMETHING; sentirse con ánimo de hacer algo

 

I’m feeling better but I don’t feel up to going out yet. Me siento mejor pero sin ánimos de salir todavía.

 

Basically…like I mean…we should kind of...like you know…start as soon as possible (asap). Básicamente…como decir…deberíamos cómo que…cómo tú sabes…comenzar lo antes posible

 

We’d start as soon as possible. Deberíamos comenzar lo antes posible.

 

I’m sort of…fed up with you know…the way you know…he treats his staff. Estoy un poco así...harto, sabes…de la manera, tú sabes…que él trata a su gente.

 

I’m fed up with the way he treats his staff.

 

It’s kind of like…you know…hard to make your mind up. Es del tipo…tú sabes…de decisiones difícil de tomar.

 

It’s hard to make your mind up. Es difícil decidirse.

 

Right…when I got to the supermarket right…I just basically…couldn’t face it like…. Y bien…cuando llegué al supermercado y bueno…justo entonces…no pude encararlo algo así…

 

When I got to the supermarket I couldn’t face it.

 

Don’t you find it annoying like…when they do that, do you know I mean? ¿No te avergüenza como así… cuando hacen eso, sabes cómo te digo?

 

Don’t you find it annoying when they do that? ¿No te avergüenza cuando hacen eso?

 

TO AFFORD (permitirse el lujo).

It’s a verb that usually express with the verb, “can”; I can afford this or I can’t afford this. We don’t often say; I don’t afford this, when we’re talking about money, alright? Let’s have a look then:

TO BE ABLE TO AFFORD PLUS A NOUN

I can afford a two-bedroom flat but I can’t afford a three-bedroom one. Puedo permitirme un piso de 2 habitaciones pero no puedo permitirme uno de 3 h.

 

He can afford anything, he’s loaded! Él puede comprarse lo que sea. ¡Está forrado!

 

Sinónimos: Filthy rich – Minted - Rolling in it - Loaded

 

I can’t afford to pay that amount of rent every month. No puedo permitirme pagar esa cantidad de alquiler todos los meses.

 

I won’t to be able to afford a new computer until I finish paying for my car. No podré comprarme un nuevo ordenador hasta que no termine de pagar mi coche.

 

En un contexto futuro empleamos el presente simple después de “until”.

 

They can’t afford to go out at the moment because they’re saving up for a deposit on a flat. No tienen mucho dinero para salir en este momento porque están ahorrando para el depósito de un piso.

 

Ahorrar: “To save” pero, ahorrar para algo; TO SAVE UP FOR SOMETHING”.

 

Can you really afford to go to Conil for a month? ¿En serio puedes permitirte el lujo de ir a Conil durante un mes?

 

Now, finally we’re gonna look at two examples of the verb “To afford” when it means; “DAR”. It doesn’t usually mean “dar”, it’s just in two or three specific examples, okay? When we’re talking about; SHADE and TIME:

I can afford you five minutes. Te puedo dar 5 minutos

TO AFFORD SHADE:

That tree doesn’t afford much shade. Ese árbol no da mucha sombra.

I can afford you five minutes on my time. Te puedo dar 5 minutos de mi tiempo.

 

CAME

Let’s have a look at some examples then:

Alan came to our party last week. Alan vino a nuestra fiesta la semana pasada.

Patrick’s parents came to live in Spain when he was a child. Los padres de Patrick vinieron a vivir a España cuando era niño.

Cuando le sigue al verbo “to come” otro verbo, suele expresarse en infinitivo.

 

Lance came to see our new flat last Saturday. Lance vino a ver nuestro piso el pasado sábado.

 

Jose came to Madrid to find work. José vino a Madrid para encontrar trabajo.

Usamos “to” (para funciones o propósitos).

 

They came to Spain when they were young. Vinieron a España cuando eran jóvenes.

 

The Rolling Stones came to give a concert in Madrid last year. Los Rolling Stones vinieron a dar un concierto en Madrid el año pasado.

 

Jody came to visit me last weekend. Jody vino a visitarme el fin de semana pasado.

The repairman came to fix our washing machine on Wednesday. El técnico vino a reparar  nuestra lavadora el miércoles.

Usamos “Technician” para referirnos al técnico en la fábrica o en la empresa.

 

REFUSE TO AND DENY (negarse y negar algo)

TO REFUSE means “negarse”; I refuse to tell you my age.

Let’s look at “to refuse” first of all when it’s followed by a verb, the verb is always expressed in the infinitive with “to”; I refuse to go, I refuse to tell you, I refuse to take part, I refuse to speak English which it’s something you will never say to me again. Let’s look at some examples:

 

I refused to go to the meeting. Me negué a ir a la reunión.

I refuse to accept that type of behaviour. Me niego a aceptar ese tipo de comportamiento.

Fran refused to help them. Fran se negó a ayudarles.  

The boss refuses to make exceptions. El jefe se niega a hacer excepciones.

She refused to change her mind. Ella se negó a cambiar de opinion.

I refuse to give up. Me niego a rendirme.

Let’s go on “TO DENY”; when “deny” is followed by a verb, it is expressed as second verb that is expressed in the gerund, last to say; the verb ending in “ing”, okay? So; I denied going (negué haber ido), I denied being there (negué haber estado allí), I denied saying that (negué haber dicho eso) or I denied ever saying that (negué haber dicho eso alguna vez).  

Scott denied it. Scott lo negó.

James denied ever saying that. James negó haber dicho eso alguna vez.

You can’t deny it. No lo puedes negar.

She denied steeling the laptop. Ella negó haber robado el portátil.

 

Es innegable; él tiene una memoria asombrosa.

Okay, it’s just before we’ve done, and this introduces the use we say; es innegable. It’s a set phrase (es una frase hecha), we say; THERE’S NO DENYING IT, okay, let’s go: 

There’s no denying it, he’s got an amazing memory.

We say; to make mistakes, and not to commit mistakes, okay? We make mistakes   

 

TO COMPROMISE (ceder) – TO COMMIT ONESELF (comprometerse)

Today we’re gonna start by looking at two verbs which sometimes cause confusion for Spaniards those are; compromise and commit.

Let’s start with COMPROMISE; “Compromise” has a number of different meanings and one of them is “TRANSIGIR O CEDER”, okay? For example:    

 

We compromised on three thousand euros. Transigimos o cedimos en 3.000€.

Sometimes, (emphasizing the first syllable) you have to compromise if you want to reach an agreement. A veces tienes que ceder si quieres llegar a un acuerdo.

He refused to compromise on anything. Él se negó a ceder en nada.

To compromise on; ceder en.

It’s a deal; trato hecho.

Okay, another meaning of compromise is; COMPROMETER de PONER EN PELIGRO. You can compromise the situation, for example; you can compromise on safety, okay then:

Thanks to his statement to the press, he managed to compromise himself and the whole company. Debido a su declaración a la prensa, el director se puso en peligro así mismo y a la empresa entera.

 

Through his thoughtless actions, he compromised the whole project. Debido a sus acciones insensatas, puso en peligro el proyecto entero.

 

Okay, let’s move on TO COMMIT YOURSELF, TO COMMIT ONESELF; this is when you have commitment (o te comprometes a algo), this is where all Spaniards tend to say; I compromise myself, but it’s not right. When you’re talking about commitments (compromisos personales) we’re talking about “committing yourself”. Y si le sigue un verbo después de; to commit yourself to something or to commit yourself to: doing something; el verbo se expresa en gerundio. For example: I can’t commit myself to coming next week.

 

She committed herself to another five years. Ella se comprometió a otros cinco años.

They refused to commit themselves to doing anything. Se negaron a comprometerse a hacer nada.

Tengo un compromiso; I have a (prior) commitment, never, ever, ever I have a compromise.

 

THAT (usos cotidianos)

IS THAT SO? ¡NO ME DIGAS! (relativamente interesente sin más)

The Eiffel Tower was the tallest building in the world in its day. La Torre Eiffel fue el edificio más alto del mundo en su día.

Is that so? ¡no me digas!

•      Cuando hablamos de superlatives siempre decimos “in the world” y nunca “of the world” u “of the class”.

 

IS THAT SO? ¡NO ME DIGAS! (in the sarcastic way)

England is much nicer than Spain. Inglaterra es mucho más agradable que España.

Is that so? ¡Ah sí!

 

IS THAT IT? ¿Y ya está?

I’ve contacted all the people on the list. He contactado con todas las personas de la lista.

Is that it? ¿Y ya está?

 

YOU DON’T SAY!; cuando alguien nos da una noticia increible o inesperada.

John is finally going to get married! Por fin, ¡John se casa!

You don’t say! ¡No me digas!

 

THAT’S IT! ¡eso es!

That’s it! You’re doing really well! ¡Eso es! ¡Vas muy bien!

 

THAT’S IT! ¡se acabó! (cuando se acaba nuestra paciencia con alguien o con una situación)

That’s it! I’m off! ¡Se acabó! ¡me voy!                

That’s it! I’m going home! ¡Se acabó! ¡Me voy a casa!

That’s it! I’m calling the police! ¡Se acabó! ¡Voy a llamar a la Policía!

 

THAT’S IT FOR NOW (eso es todo de momento)

Estamos en una clase de Biología;

That’s it for today. Next week we’ll be looking at flies’ eating habits. Eso es todo por hoy. La semana que viene veremos cómo comen las moscas. 

That’s it for now. See you on Friday. Is that it? Eso es todo de momento nos vemos el viernes. ¿Y ya está?

 

THAT’S THAT; no hay más que hablar.

I’m not going and that’s that. No voy y se acabó (no hay más que hablar).

We’re not going to do another example and that’s that. No vamos a hacer otro ejemplo y se acabó (no hay más que hablar).

 

GOT

The second to last disk or the penultimate disk, the second to last; TO GET-GOT

Acepciones (meanings): Get up (levantarse), get (conseguir, recibir, comprar) I got this watch in Gibraltar, to arrive (llegar).

 

John got to work early. John llegó al trabajo temprano.

We got good results last year. Conseguimos buenos resultados el año pasado.

<risoolts>, bajando la mandíbula en la 2ª sílaba.

 

Diana got a computer for her birthday. Diana recibió un ordenador por su cumpleaños.

What did you get? Qué recibiste?

We got home late last night.  Llegamos a casa tarde anoche.

Varias expresiones con la idea de “llegar a un lugar” que no emplean la preposición “to”:

To get home. To get here. To get there. To get back.

 

I got your message yesterday. Recibí tu mensaje ayer.

We got the contract last week. Conseguimos el contrato la semana pasada.

Olga got up at 10 am. Olga se levantó a las 10.

Jim got me a coffee this morning. Jim me compró un café esta mañana.

I got to the party at 11 p.m. Llegué a la fiesta a las 11.

Ashley got the letter on Monday. Ashley recibió la carta el lunes.

 

THE WHOLE vs. ALL THE (todo)

Today we’re going to look at the difference between “the whole” and “all the”. And it really isn’t that much difference, the only thing is that when we’re talking about countable nouns in the singular we tends to use “the whole” when we want to say “todo el o todo la”, for example; he ate the whole cake or he ate all the cake; much, much more common to say, the whole cake. Let’s have a look at them:  

Pronunciamos como “hole” (agujero) con “j” aspirada y no gutural.

 

She spent the whole time worrying about her cat back home. Ella pasó todo el tiempo preocupándose por su gato, que estaba en casa.

 

Federico hizo todo el puzle solo.

Federico did the whole puzzle by himself.

Federico did the whole jigsaw by himself.

Me escuché el discurso entero.

I listened to the whole speech.

 To sit through; significa presenciar algo normalmente aburrido de cabo a rabo.

 

I sat through the whole speech. Soporté el discurso entero.

 

He knows the whole piece off by heart. Él sabe toda la pieza de memoria.

To know something off by heart, means:

Saber algo de memoria; conlleva la idea de tener algo esculpido en el corazón. Es una frase hecha, bastante poética.

 

The whole house is ruins. Toda la casa está en ruinas.

 

I’m decorating the whole house over the summer holidays. Estaré decorando toda la casa durante las vacaciones de verano.

 

I spilt all the sugar on the floor. Derramé todo el azúcar en el suelo.

All the cars in the garage were Spanish.

Con sustantivo singular incontable; sustituimos “The whole” por “all the”.

Con sustantivo plural contable; pierde el artículo y su significado tan solo puede ser “entero” p.ej.: Whole houses. Las casas enteras.

ON THE WHOLE; in general

On the whole, I like Indian cuisine.

 

WHETHER (If…)

Now, we’re not gonna talk about the weather here, this is a different “weather”. This is “whether”, spelled w-h-e-t-h-e-r, that we pronounce exactly the same as word for “el tiempo meteorológico” but it means the same as “IF”.

No podemos emplear “whether” dentro del contexto condicional. The “whether” is a word we use with a number of different verbs for example; to know whether: I don’t know whether he’s coming; to decide whether: I need to decide whether to go or not.

Okay, let’s start looking at some expression WITH THE VERB TO KNOW; to know whether:

I don’t know whether to call him or not. No sé si llamarle o no.

I should know whether we’ve won by tomorrow. Debería saber si hemos ganado, mañana como muy tarde.

Do you know whether you’ll be at home at five o’clock?

Do you know whether you’ll be in at five o’clock? ¿Sabes si estarás en casa a las cinco?

Will you be in?

TO BE IN; estar en casa, solo cuando alguien te pregunta.

I’ll be in at five o’clock.

Let’s have a look now WITH THE VERB TO DECIDE: To decide whether; decidir si...

Have you decided whether to go on holiday now or later on in the year yet? ¿Has decidido ya si irte ahora en vacaciones o más adelante?

ASK WHETHER

The inspector asked him whether he remembered anything about the robbery. El inspector le preguntó si se acordaba de algo del atraco.

TELL WHETHER

I’ll tell him whether I can go early next week. Le dire si puedo ir a principios de la semana que viene.

Tell me whether you find it a bit hot and I’ll add some more cream. Dime si te resulta un poco picante y añadiré más crema.

WHETHER….OR NOT

I’m going whether she likes it or not. Voy a ir le guste a ella o no.

We’re leaving at six whether you’ve finished or not. Nos vamos a las 6 hayas terminado o no.

 

ONE (the indefinite personal pronoun)

We’re gonna look at “one” as a pronoun, like in Spanish, you say; uno. Uno debe de hacer eso.

This is sort of impersonal way of speaking in fact it is a bit aristocratic, it’s the sort of thing the Prince Charles might say; One, must be very careful, in normally English we don’t use it than often but it does crop up for time to time. So we’re gonna look at the more common way of talking in general about “uno, lo que uno debe hacer” que en inglés los expresamos con you”

You should do this. Uno debe hacer eso.

And I want to express exactly the same thing using one: so for example if I say; you must behave yourself, you’d have say; one must behave oneself

 

That kind of behaviour can take you by surprise. That kind of behaviour can take one by surprise. Esa clase de comporto puede coger a uno por sorpresa.

 

You can injure yourself by not using the right sort of safety equipment. One can injure oneself by not using the right sort of safety equipment. Uno mismo puede lesionarse por no usar el pequeño manual de equipos de seguridad.

Safety; se refiere a prevención de accidentes.

Security; se refiere a prevención de robos.

 

I don’t like to do this:

Habla de sí mismo empleando esta tercera persona; one doesn’t like to do this.

 

Now, this serial yet, the most common way of talking like this, in general, about what we shouldn’t, shouldn’t do, is to use “you”, the second person to we’re gonna do exactly the same exercise this time, but this time round you’ll be focusing on the more common used, okay?

One shouldn’t walk on the grass. You shouldn’t walk on the grass. Uno no debe pisar el césped.

No te refieres a mí sólo sino en general.

 

One must always wear seatbelt in a car. You must always wear seatbelt in a car.

One must always read the small print. You must always read the small print. Uno debe siempre leer la letra pequeña.

 

Pasar por casa de alguien:

To call in on someone -To drop by on someone -To pop in and see someone

 

HEARD

I Heard them. Les oí.

She heard me. Me oyó.

 

We heard you talking last night. Anoche te oímos hablar.

 

Last night I heard a noise. Anoche oí un ruido.

We heard the news yesterday. Ayer oímos la noticia.

Gertrude heard the explosion from her flat. Gertrude oyó la explosion desde su piso.

 

I heard her dog at 4 o’clock in the morning. Oí a su perro a las 4 de la madrugada.

Madrugada no tiene traducción directa; las más cercanas son:

Eearly morning or the aearly hours.

 

Lucy heard the phone ringing. Lucy oyó sonar el teléfono.

En inglés los teléfonos “ring” en vez de “sound”.

 

I heard that song 3 times yesterday. Ayer oí esa canción tres veces.

 

TO TEND TO DO SOMETHING

We tend to get a lot of claims at this time of year. Solemos tener muchas reclamaciones en esta época del año.

 

I don’t like crowds so I always tend to go off season.  No me gustan las aglomeraciones así que siempre tiendo a ir en temporada baja

 

Old people tend to be more tolerant. La gente mayor tiende a ser más tolerante

 

She tends not to get up early on Sundays. Ella tiende a no levantarse temprano los domingos.

 

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

When The Future Continuous is just as easy as simply a question of forming the verb to be in future; I'll be and then the gerund: I’ll be sitting, I’ll be going. For example: In two days’ time I’ll be going to Italy. So we use the Future Continuous when we’re talking about plans or things we’ve already arrange or for appointments. In actually fact is not an absolutely necessary tense to learn because they are the ways as expression the same thing. This is something that we say a lot: I’ll be going; I’ll be seeing him next week sure you want me to tell him anything. Of course we can also say I’ll see him next week sure you want to tell him anything.

 

Let’s have look at in the affirmative then, the next example:

I’ll be speaking to George at tomorrow’s meeting. Hablaré con George en la reunión de mañana.

She’ll be arriving at five forty-five. Ella llegará a 5:45.

I’ll be talking about that in my speech next Tuesday. Hablaré de eso en mi discurso el martes próximo.

Let’s have look at some examples now IN THE NEGATIVE

Una firma de libros: A book signing

We won’t be announcing the results until Friday week. No anunciaremos los resultados hasta el viernes de la semana que viene.

Friday week is a good way of seeing: el viernes de la semana que viene.

Let’s have a look at two examples now IN THE INTERROGATIVE

¿Cuánto tiempo se quedará usted?

Now we ask questions in the future continuous it may what we was saying sound really formal: How long will you be stay sir?

Por eso pusimos “usted”, okay? It's like an equivalent that we're asking a question about someone's future intentions "hablando de usted"

 

TO ARRANGE FOR SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING

How is it going? I’m on top of the world! I hope so!

I can see! Why are you on top of the world? Because today is our last day, that right! You have a glint in your eye, absolutely! Deep down you’re sad.

Don’t be sad, because your English learning process has really only just begun. We’ve done forty discs. See your lesson to this disc, may be three or four times each but you need to keep listening to them for the next eight or nine months if you really want to consolidate everything we’ve coved in this course, okay?  Add of course too, to perfect your listening comprehension, because it’s so vital in the communication process.

We're gonna look at the verb now then, and which it is expressed in a very different way in English to how we’d it expressed in Spanish, and it’s; to arrange for someone to do something. In Spanish you we’d probably say; encargarse de que alguien haga algo, okay? We say; to arrange for (y luego el complemento, y luego el infinitivo con “to” el verbo básico con “to”);  

I arranged for him to help me.

Okay, let’s have a look at some examples:

 

Did you arrange for someone to water the garden for next week? ¿Te encargaste de que alguien riegue el jardín para la semana que viene?

 

I’ll arrange for the plumber to come first thing tomorrow morning. Me encargaré de que venga el fontanero mañana a primera hora.

 

Have you arranged for the painters to come? ¿Te has encargado de que vengan los pintores?

 

AS

You know that “As” means “WHEN” sometimes, for example:

I saw her as I was leaving the building.

You also that “As” can means “COMO”, for example:

I work as I teacher.

Now “As” also means “YA QUE”

As it’s raining let’s stay inside.

As you’ve got this far with the course, don’t give up now! Ya que has llegado hasta aquí con el curso ¡no te rindas ahora!

 

In fact “As” is much much more common for “Ya que” than its synonyms “Since” in normal every day spoken English. Let’s have a look at another example.

As you´re here, why don’t we practice some English? Ya que estás aquí ¿Por qué no practicamos un poco de inglés?

 

As learning a language requires dedication, make sure you study every day.

As this grammar point is very easy. I expect you to do it quickly. Ya que este punto gramatical es muy fácil. Doy por hecho que lo hagas rápido.

As it’s so easy, why don’t you do the next one? I’ll be the Spanish

 

 

As it is Tuesday today, why don’t you listen to disc 14 again? Ya que hoy es martes ¿por qué no escuchas el disco 14 otra vez?

 

I need to improve my listening skills as I don’t understand everything when native English speakers talk to me. Necesito mejorar mi comprensión auditiva (habilidades de escucha) ya que no comprendo todo cuando me hablan los anglosajones nativos.

 

As I’m tired, why don’t we do something else? Ya que estoy cansado ¿por qué no hacemos otra cosa?

 

 

Es mucho más común traducir “hasta aquí” por “This far” que “Up to here” con una notable excepción:

I’ve had it up to here with my neighbours. Estoy hasta el gorro de mis vecinos.